What is pairing of homologous chromosomes?

Pairing of homologous chromosomes refers to the process by which two chromosomes that carry the same set of genes come together during cell division. In diploid organisms, every cell has two copies of each chromosome, one inherited from each parent.

During meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), the homologous chromosomes pair up to form a structure called a bivalent. This process is facilitated by the presence of proteins called synaptonemal complexes that bridge the chromosomes together.

The pairing of homologous chromosomes allows for the exchange of genetic information between the chromosomes through a process called crossing over. This helps to increase genetic diversity among offspring.

The pairing of homologous chromosomes is crucial for proper segregation of genetic material during cell division, as errors in this pairing process can lead to chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders.